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Methods and models

Key elements of cross-industry tables and cross-sectoral analysis

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Cross-sectoral analysis is based on the use of statistical tables called “cross-sectoral”. The table of intersectoral balance describes the flows of goods and services...

Neumann’s Model of an Expanding Economy

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The classical (original) Neumann model is constructed under the following premises:An economy characterized by linear technology consists of industries, each of which has a...

Gross national disposable income account

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The purpose of this account is to show how national disposable income is used at the economic level for...

Determination of national income. Graphics

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Let us consider how it is possible to display and study the main elements of the mechanism for determining...

Determination of equilibrium output by iterative method

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In the standard economic scheme, the subordination of the end and the means is established as: Facility (production)(reason)Purpose (consumption,...

Spider web-like  model with delayed demand

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The conceptual model of any process of price dynamics includes the interaction of three subsystems, which can be conditionally...

Iterative solution of the problem

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Problem StatementLet’s assume that in the market of one product, the demand function D(t) and the supply function S(t)...

Economic and mathematical models «National income — effective demand»

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Determination of national incomeThe UN is making great efforts to encourage all countries to collect data on national income.What...

Personal income after taxes

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In order to calculate net personal income, the NNP should deduct the sum of all direct and indirect taxes,...

Total personal income

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To calculate the total amount of personal income, it is necessary to deduct from the NNP the savings of...

National income (in the narrow sense of the word)

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Mention should be made of the narrow notion of national income used by U.S. economists. In a narrower sense,...

Revenue cycling in the SNA

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The results of the functioning of the modern market system are focused on the formation of incomes and are...

Income accounts

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Income accounts are central to the SNA, they link the result of the production of products and services with...

Primary Income Distribution Account (current prices)

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UseResourcesIncome from property transferred to the “rest of the world” Subsidies for production and imports...

Primary Income Distribution Account

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(current prices, billion rubles) 19891990s1991199219931994 Resources Gross profit and gross mixed earningsRemuneration of employeesWorkersTaxes on production and...

Methods of accounting for scientific and technological progress

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It should be considered generally recognized that over time in an enterprise that maintains a fixed number of employees...

Secondary income distribution account

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The secondary income distribution account shows how the balance of the primary income of an economy, institutional unit or...

Models of the company (manufacturer)

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The company’s costs for the production of products, the task of their minimizationCost classification. Any production is associated with...

Secondary income distribution account (current prices)

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UseResources4.Current transfers transferred to the “rest of the world”5.Gross national disposable income (clause 3 –...

Market equilibrium. Comparative statics

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In general, the coordination of economic interests between participants in a complex process of production, distribution and consumption is...

Consolidated income distribution account

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For a generalized understanding of the reflection of the processes of distribution and redistribution of income and their results,...

Simulation of the process of achieving equilibrium

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The equilibrium price can be interpreted as a “fair” exchange price, which is established as a result of...

Modeling of market mechanisms in resource-constrained environments

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The development of the model of “groping” the equilibrium state is a model of the functioning of the market,...

Models of private economic equilibrium. Spider web market model

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Spider-like model of market price dynamics. Assumptions and main components of the modelAll the theoretical constructions presented in this...

Income distribution models

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Market demand is determined on the basis of decisions that are made by many individuals, based on their needs...

Quantitative approach to utility and demand analysis

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The starting point of the functioning of any economic system is the needs of people. Consumption is the process...

Preference relation and utility function

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Unlike the previous one, the second approach does not require measuring utility in any quantity. The consumer here can...

Curves of indifference. Solving the problem of the optimal choice of the consumer

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The basis for the study of personal consumption (individual consumers and households) are indifference curves. The indifference curve is...

Demand functions. Coefficient of elasticity

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As a result of solving the problems of optimal choice, it is possible to trace the relationship between changes...

Price changes and compensation

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The problem of compensation by increasing consumer income arises in all cases where there is an increase in the...

The concept of production and production functions

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Production is understood as any activity for the use of natural, material, technical and intellectual resources to obtain both...

Geometric interpretation of optimization problems of linear programming

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Suppose it is necessary to find the optimal plan for the production of two types of products (x1...

Isoquant and its types

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When modeling consumer demand, the same level of utility of different combinations of consumer goods is graphically displayed using...

Simplex method for solving optimization problems of linear programming

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The simplex method is a computational procedure based on the principle of sequential improvement of solutions during the transition...

Offer functions and their properties

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The supply function S(p) describes the relationship between the market price of a good and its supply in an...

Solving the Optimization Problem of Linear Programming in Excel

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Let an enterprise (for example, a furniture factory) produce tables and chairs. The consumption of resources for their production...

Modeling of costs and profits of the enterprise

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The basis for the construction of models of behavior of the producer (an individual enterprise or firm, an association...

Dual linear programming problem

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The dual linear programming problem can be formulated as follows:Find variables yi (i=1,2,… (m) at which the objective function...
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