The second stage in the development of sociology

The second stage in the development of sociology (it lasted until the early 80s) is characterized by the rapid deployment of various studies in the country and the republic, the vast majority of which were conducted at the “junction” of economics and sociology. These are studies of labor mobility (turnover, migration, intersectoral movements), the attitude […]

Commercial efficiency

Commercial efficiency is determined by the ratio of costs and benefits that provide the required rate of return. Commercial efficiency can be calculated both for the project as a whole and for its individual participants. The enlarged algorithm for assessing commercial efficiency includes the following procedures: calculation of the flow and balance of real money […]

Key countries: India and Pakistan

stand out for their total power due to the billion population (1/6 of the world’s inhabitants), a huge economic potential, not yet used at full capacity. These countries have a large territory, diverse and rich natural resources, have a good scientific potential, and are nuclear powers. However, in  these countries there is a very low […]

Methods for ensuring the reliability of international settlements with bills of exchange

The use of bills in international settlements provides certain rights and imposes strict obligations on its participants. International commercial and banking practice has developed a number of ways to increase the reliability of the bill of exchange as a settlement and payment tool, enshrining them with the norms of both international and national legislation. Among […]